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Comparative Well-to-Tank energy use and greenhouse gas assessment of natural gas as a transportation fuel in Pakistan

This study aims at performing the first comprehensive Well-to-Tank (WtT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission analysis of 10 different petroleum and natural gas fuels pathways, i.e., gasoline, diesel, CNG and LNG, in Pakistan. The GREET model, developed by the U.S. Argonne National Laboratory, was adopted as a tool for WtT calculation, and most of the data were replaced by Pakistani operating environment. Additional analysis was also performed for the refining process which was the most energy-intensive in the fuel life cycle. A process-level allocation method was used in calculating the refining energy use of individual petroleum products, which could reflect the detailed refining processes. The results indicate that petroleum fuel have WtT efficiencies in the range of 82?86% while WtT efficiencies of natural gas based fuels are in the range of 75?88%. The results reveals that WtT GHG emission associated with CNG produced from indigenous natural gas sources are 16% and 21% higher than the gasoline and diesel fuel produced from ingenious crude oil, respectively. As compared to other countries, the WtT GHG emissions results of Pakistani petroleum and natural gas based fuels are 10% and 29 higher than those of the Europe mainly due to higher methane emission.

» Author: Syeda ZarAfshan Goher, Peter Bloodsworth, Raihan Ur Rasool, Richard McClatchey

» Reference: Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume 43

» Source: ScienceDirect - GPP

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